Bibliography
Alberto J.
Lorrio
Contributions to journals
Luján, Eugenio R., and Alberto J. Lorrio, “Un puñal celtibérico con inscripción procedente de Almaraz (Cáceres, España)”, Études Celtiques 43 (2017): 113–126.
abstract:
[FR] Un poignard celtibère avec inscription provenant d’Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).Cet article constitue la première publication d’un poignard celtibère provenant très probablement de la localité d’Almaraz (province de Cáceres, Espagne). Typologiquement, il appartient à l’une des variantes les plus caractéristiques du modèle bidiscoïdal, celui à poignée à arêtes, dont on connaît un bon nombre d’exemplaires datant pour la plupart de la fin du IIer siècle et du Ier siècle av. J.-C. Du fait qu’il provient certainement de la fouille clandestine d’une nécropole qui a fourni par ailleurs des matériaux tardo-républicains, on peut penser à une datation aux alentours du premier quart du Ier siècle av. J.-C. La poignée comporte une inscription gravée sur la garde, qui s’étend sur toute la largeur de la pièce, en langue et écriture celtibères, plus précisément dans la variante orientale de cette écriture. Elle est composée de deux mots, qui n’étaient pas attestés auparavant : le nom de personne loukiakinos, qui est dérivé d’une base onomastique bien connue en celtibère, et abe, qui semblerait être un emprunt à la formule de salutation latine aue.
[EN] A Celtiberian inscribed dagger from Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).This is the first edition of a Celtiberian dagger that must probably come from Almaraz, in the Spanish province of Cáceres. Typologically, it can be classified into one of the most characteristic variants of the bi-discoidal model, the edge-hilt one. A certain number of daggers of this type are known to date and most of them go back to the end of the 2nd century or the 1st century BC. The dagger must have been found in illegal excavations at a necropolis that has provided a variety of materials of the late-Republican period, which allows to date it around the first quarter of the 1st century BC. An inscription has been carved on the guard and runs across its whole width. The inscription is in Celtiberian language and script, specifically in the Western variant of this script. It consists of two words that were not previously attested. The first one is the personal name loukiakinos, derived from a well-known Celtiberian onomastic stem. The second one is abe, which must probably be a loanword from Latin aue.
[EN] A Celtiberian inscribed dagger from Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).This is the first edition of a Celtiberian dagger that must probably come from Almaraz, in the Spanish province of Cáceres. Typologically, it can be classified into one of the most characteristic variants of the bi-discoidal model, the edge-hilt one. A certain number of daggers of this type are known to date and most of them go back to the end of the 2nd century or the 1st century BC. The dagger must have been found in illegal excavations at a necropolis that has provided a variety of materials of the late-Republican period, which allows to date it around the first quarter of the 1st century BC. An inscription has been carved on the guard and runs across its whole width. The inscription is in Celtiberian language and script, specifically in the Western variant of this script. It consists of two words that were not previously attested. The first one is the personal name loukiakinos, derived from a well-known Celtiberian onomastic stem. The second one is abe, which must probably be a loanword from Latin aue.
Persée – Études Celtiques, vol. 43, 2017: <link>
abstract:
[FR] Un poignard celtibère avec inscription provenant d’Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).Cet article constitue la première publication d’un poignard celtibère provenant très probablement de la localité d’Almaraz (province de Cáceres, Espagne). Typologiquement, il appartient à l’une des variantes les plus caractéristiques du modèle bidiscoïdal, celui à poignée à arêtes, dont on connaît un bon nombre d’exemplaires datant pour la plupart de la fin du IIer siècle et du Ier siècle av. J.-C. Du fait qu’il provient certainement de la fouille clandestine d’une nécropole qui a fourni par ailleurs des matériaux tardo-républicains, on peut penser à une datation aux alentours du premier quart du Ier siècle av. J.-C. La poignée comporte une inscription gravée sur la garde, qui s’étend sur toute la largeur de la pièce, en langue et écriture celtibères, plus précisément dans la variante orientale de cette écriture. Elle est composée de deux mots, qui n’étaient pas attestés auparavant : le nom de personne loukiakinos, qui est dérivé d’une base onomastique bien connue en celtibère, et abe, qui semblerait être un emprunt à la formule de salutation latine aue.
[EN] A Celtiberian inscribed dagger from Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).This is the first edition of a Celtiberian dagger that must probably come from Almaraz, in the Spanish province of Cáceres. Typologically, it can be classified into one of the most characteristic variants of the bi-discoidal model, the edge-hilt one. A certain number of daggers of this type are known to date and most of them go back to the end of the 2nd century or the 1st century BC. The dagger must have been found in illegal excavations at a necropolis that has provided a variety of materials of the late-Republican period, which allows to date it around the first quarter of the 1st century BC. An inscription has been carved on the guard and runs across its whole width. The inscription is in Celtiberian language and script, specifically in the Western variant of this script. It consists of two words that were not previously attested. The first one is the personal name loukiakinos, derived from a well-known Celtiberian onomastic stem. The second one is abe, which must probably be a loanword from Latin aue.
[EN] A Celtiberian inscribed dagger from Almaraz (Cáceres, Espagne).This is the first edition of a Celtiberian dagger that must probably come from Almaraz, in the Spanish province of Cáceres. Typologically, it can be classified into one of the most characteristic variants of the bi-discoidal model, the edge-hilt one. A certain number of daggers of this type are known to date and most of them go back to the end of the 2nd century or the 1st century BC. The dagger must have been found in illegal excavations at a necropolis that has provided a variety of materials of the late-Republican period, which allows to date it around the first quarter of the 1st century BC. An inscription has been carved on the guard and runs across its whole width. The inscription is in Celtiberian language and script, specifically in the Western variant of this script. It consists of two words that were not previously attested. The first one is the personal name loukiakinos, derived from a well-known Celtiberian onomastic stem. The second one is abe, which must probably be a loanword from Latin aue.
Lorrio, Alberto J., “Les Celtibères : archéologie et culture”, Études Celtiques 33 (1997): 7–36.
abstract:
[FR] Les Celtibères sont un des peuples celtiques les plus importants de la Péninsule Ibérique. Les recherches archéologiques, les informations historiques et les éléments linguistiques ont permis de délimiter l'aire culturelle de la civilisation celtibère dans les hautes terres de la Meseta orientale, le Système Ibérique et le territoire situé à l'est de la vallée moyenne de l’Ebre. A partir de l’analyse de l’habitat, des nécropoles, de l’armement et de l’artisanat, nous avons établi pour la première fois une séquence culturelle qui s’étend des VIIIe -VIIe siècles av. J.-C. jusqu’à la Conquête romaine.
[EN] Celtiberians : archeology and culture
The Celtiberians are one of the most important Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. The archeological record, the historical sources and the linguistic evidence enable the Celtiberians to be located in the highlands of the Eastern Meseta, the Iberian System and the lands of the right bank of the Middle Ebro Valley. An analysis of the settlements, the cemeteries, the weapons and other elements of the material culture, has made possible to establish for the first time a cultural sequence of the Celtiberian world, from the 8th-7th century B.C. to the Roman Conquest.
[EN] Celtiberians : archeology and culture
The Celtiberians are one of the most important Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. The archeological record, the historical sources and the linguistic evidence enable the Celtiberians to be located in the highlands of the Eastern Meseta, the Iberian System and the lands of the right bank of the Middle Ebro Valley. An analysis of the settlements, the cemeteries, the weapons and other elements of the material culture, has made possible to establish for the first time a cultural sequence of the Celtiberian world, from the 8th-7th century B.C. to the Roman Conquest.
Persée – Études Celtiques, vol. 33, 1997: <link>
abstract:
[FR] Les Celtibères sont un des peuples celtiques les plus importants de la Péninsule Ibérique. Les recherches archéologiques, les informations historiques et les éléments linguistiques ont permis de délimiter l'aire culturelle de la civilisation celtibère dans les hautes terres de la Meseta orientale, le Système Ibérique et le territoire situé à l'est de la vallée moyenne de l’Ebre. A partir de l’analyse de l’habitat, des nécropoles, de l’armement et de l’artisanat, nous avons établi pour la première fois une séquence culturelle qui s’étend des VIIIe -VIIe siècles av. J.-C. jusqu’à la Conquête romaine.
[EN] Celtiberians : archeology and culture
The Celtiberians are one of the most important Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. The archeological record, the historical sources and the linguistic evidence enable the Celtiberians to be located in the highlands of the Eastern Meseta, the Iberian System and the lands of the right bank of the Middle Ebro Valley. An analysis of the settlements, the cemeteries, the weapons and other elements of the material culture, has made possible to establish for the first time a cultural sequence of the Celtiberian world, from the 8th-7th century B.C. to the Roman Conquest.
[EN] Celtiberians : archeology and culture
The Celtiberians are one of the most important Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. The archeological record, the historical sources and the linguistic evidence enable the Celtiberians to be located in the highlands of the Eastern Meseta, the Iberian System and the lands of the right bank of the Middle Ebro Valley. An analysis of the settlements, the cemeteries, the weapons and other elements of the material culture, has made possible to establish for the first time a cultural sequence of the Celtiberian world, from the 8th-7th century B.C. to the Roman Conquest.
Almagro-Gorbea, Martin, and Alberto J. Lorrio, “Les Celtes de la péninsule Ibérique au IIIe siècle av. J.-C”, Études Celtiques 28 (1991): 33–46.
abstract:
[FR] Le IIIe siècle avant J.-C. représente pour le monde celtique de la Péninsule ibérique une période de transition et de profond changement. On peut constater alors une évolution progressive vers des formes de vie urbaine dont les signes les plus évidents sont les phénomènes de sinécisme attestés par les sources écrites et les modifications de l’idéologie funéraire qu’attestent les mobiliers des sépultures. C’est dans le contexte de ce processus d’urbanisation que doit être situé l’introduction de l’usage de l’écriture, documentée vers le milieu du siècle suivant, mais introduite probablement dès le IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à partir du Levant et du Sud ibérique.
Les productions les plus significatives des Celtibères du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - l’orfèvrerie, les bronzes et les poteries - révèlent une forte influence ibérique. Cette dernière leur confère une forte originalité dans le cadre d’un monde celtique auquel les rattachent indiscutablement leurs aspects stylistiques et idéologiques.
La celtisation de la Péninsule à partir de la Celtibérie des sources écrites se poursuit au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. et ne prendra fin qu’avec la romanisation accomplie, vers la fin du siècle suivant.
[EN] The Celts of the Iberian Peninsula in the IIIrd Century B.C.
The IIIrd Century B.C. is a period of transition and deep change for the Celtic world of the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, a progressive evolution can be observed towards new ways of urban life ; the most evident signs of these changes are the phenomenons of synoikismos attested by the written sources and the changes in the funerary ideology shown by the objects found in the graves. It’s in the context of this process of town-development that the beginning of the use of the writing must be placed ; it’s attested about the middle of the next century, but was probably introduced as early as the IIIrd Century B.C., starting from the Iberian East and South.
The most significant products of the, Celtiberians of the IIIrd Century B.C. - the jewellery, the bronzes and the pottery - show a strong Iberian influence. This influence confers them a strong originality among the Celtic world to which they are undoubtedly related by their stylistic and ideological features.
The Celtisation of the Peninsula from the Celtiberia of the written sources goes in the IIIrd Century B.C. and will end only with the full romanization towards the end of the next century.
Les productions les plus significatives des Celtibères du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - l’orfèvrerie, les bronzes et les poteries - révèlent une forte influence ibérique. Cette dernière leur confère une forte originalité dans le cadre d’un monde celtique auquel les rattachent indiscutablement leurs aspects stylistiques et idéologiques.
La celtisation de la Péninsule à partir de la Celtibérie des sources écrites se poursuit au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. et ne prendra fin qu’avec la romanisation accomplie, vers la fin du siècle suivant.
[EN] The Celts of the Iberian Peninsula in the IIIrd Century B.C.
The IIIrd Century B.C. is a period of transition and deep change for the Celtic world of the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, a progressive evolution can be observed towards new ways of urban life ; the most evident signs of these changes are the phenomenons of synoikismos attested by the written sources and the changes in the funerary ideology shown by the objects found in the graves. It’s in the context of this process of town-development that the beginning of the use of the writing must be placed ; it’s attested about the middle of the next century, but was probably introduced as early as the IIIrd Century B.C., starting from the Iberian East and South.
The most significant products of the, Celtiberians of the IIIrd Century B.C. - the jewellery, the bronzes and the pottery - show a strong Iberian influence. This influence confers them a strong originality among the Celtic world to which they are undoubtedly related by their stylistic and ideological features.
The Celtisation of the Peninsula from the Celtiberia of the written sources goes in the IIIrd Century B.C. and will end only with the full romanization towards the end of the next century.
– Études Celtiques, vol. 28, 1991: <link>
abstract:
[FR] Le IIIe siècle avant J.-C. représente pour le monde celtique de la Péninsule ibérique une période de transition et de profond changement. On peut constater alors une évolution progressive vers des formes de vie urbaine dont les signes les plus évidents sont les phénomènes de sinécisme attestés par les sources écrites et les modifications de l’idéologie funéraire qu’attestent les mobiliers des sépultures. C’est dans le contexte de ce processus d’urbanisation que doit être situé l’introduction de l’usage de l’écriture, documentée vers le milieu du siècle suivant, mais introduite probablement dès le IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à partir du Levant et du Sud ibérique.
Les productions les plus significatives des Celtibères du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - l’orfèvrerie, les bronzes et les poteries - révèlent une forte influence ibérique. Cette dernière leur confère une forte originalité dans le cadre d’un monde celtique auquel les rattachent indiscutablement leurs aspects stylistiques et idéologiques.
La celtisation de la Péninsule à partir de la Celtibérie des sources écrites se poursuit au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. et ne prendra fin qu’avec la romanisation accomplie, vers la fin du siècle suivant.
[EN] The Celts of the Iberian Peninsula in the IIIrd Century B.C.
The IIIrd Century B.C. is a period of transition and deep change for the Celtic world of the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, a progressive evolution can be observed towards new ways of urban life ; the most evident signs of these changes are the phenomenons of synoikismos attested by the written sources and the changes in the funerary ideology shown by the objects found in the graves. It’s in the context of this process of town-development that the beginning of the use of the writing must be placed ; it’s attested about the middle of the next century, but was probably introduced as early as the IIIrd Century B.C., starting from the Iberian East and South.
The most significant products of the, Celtiberians of the IIIrd Century B.C. - the jewellery, the bronzes and the pottery - show a strong Iberian influence. This influence confers them a strong originality among the Celtic world to which they are undoubtedly related by their stylistic and ideological features.
The Celtisation of the Peninsula from the Celtiberia of the written sources goes in the IIIrd Century B.C. and will end only with the full romanization towards the end of the next century.
Les productions les plus significatives des Celtibères du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - l’orfèvrerie, les bronzes et les poteries - révèlent une forte influence ibérique. Cette dernière leur confère une forte originalité dans le cadre d’un monde celtique auquel les rattachent indiscutablement leurs aspects stylistiques et idéologiques.
La celtisation de la Péninsule à partir de la Celtibérie des sources écrites se poursuit au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. et ne prendra fin qu’avec la romanisation accomplie, vers la fin du siècle suivant.
[EN] The Celts of the Iberian Peninsula in the IIIrd Century B.C.
The IIIrd Century B.C. is a period of transition and deep change for the Celtic world of the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, a progressive evolution can be observed towards new ways of urban life ; the most evident signs of these changes are the phenomenons of synoikismos attested by the written sources and the changes in the funerary ideology shown by the objects found in the graves. It’s in the context of this process of town-development that the beginning of the use of the writing must be placed ; it’s attested about the middle of the next century, but was probably introduced as early as the IIIrd Century B.C., starting from the Iberian East and South.
The most significant products of the, Celtiberians of the IIIrd Century B.C. - the jewellery, the bronzes and the pottery - show a strong Iberian influence. This influence confers them a strong originality among the Celtic world to which they are undoubtedly related by their stylistic and ideological features.
The Celtisation of the Peninsula from the Celtiberia of the written sources goes in the IIIrd Century B.C. and will end only with the full romanization towards the end of the next century.
